Abstract
The viscous, viscoelastic and highly elastic properties of liquid crystalline solutions and melts of polymers are described. The main feature of the rheological behaviour of these systems is the dependence of the measured characteristics on the orientation of the preparation practically absent for isotropic systems. This leads to sharp change in the rheological properties on passing from the isotropic to the liquid crystalline state. Change in the mechanism of flow of anisotropic solutions and melts of polymers is particularly graphically manifest in presence of a fluidity limit and the existence of the viscosity maximum at a certain concentration and temperature. In addition, unusual effects for isotropic polymer systems observed in the liquid crystalline state are the negative value of the first difference in nornal stresses, the dependence of the rheological properties on the thermal and mechanical prehistory and the absence of a quantitative correlation between the resutls of dynamic and stationary shear experiments.
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