RGO/CuO NC catalyzed green synthesis, DFT studies, Mulliken atomic charge analysis and anti-inflammatory activity of indole derivatives

Abstract

An admirable catalytic activity of as-prepared copper oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (rGO/CuO NC) catalyst is reported in the synthesis of spiro[indoline-pyranothiazole]carbonitrile and thiazolopyranofuroindole derivatives. The excellent activity exhibited by hybrid nanocomposite is attributed to the synergistic effect of graphene oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles. The utilization of ultrasonication as energy source lead to enhanced mass transfer, and reaction rate expeditiousness in the presence of rGO/CuO NC forming spiro/condensed indole derivatives. 100% conversion is observed on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The recovered rGO/CuO NC can be reused for four uninterrupted cycles without substantial loss in its catalytic activity. DFT (Density functional theory) studies, Mulliken atomic charge analysis and anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized spiro/condensed indole derivatives have also been evaluated.