Revisiting the Role of Micronutrients in the Healing Process of Burn Injury

Abstract

Burn injuries are an under-appreciated trauma that can affect anyone, anytime and anywhere. The injuries can be caused by friction, cold, heat, radiation, chemical or electric sources, but the majority of burn injuries are caused by heat from hot liquids, solids or fire. Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) have numerous health benefits including tissue maintenance, bone and teeth formation and health, serving as cofactors and coenzymes to enzyme various enzyme systems, aiding the regulation and coordination of most body functions, and other biochemical and physiological functions in the body. Major burns require a comprehensive approach addressing both burn severity management and nutritional support. Micronutrients, such as vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin D, play indispensable roles in wound healing, immune function, and overall well-being. Challenges in micronutrient interaction, genetic factors, and patient variability underscore the importance of personalized nutrition therapy in burn care. Future research should explore optimal micronutrient dosages, duration of effectiveness, and potential long-term effects, while precision medicine approaches could enhance burn care by addressing inflammation and infection challenges. Burn management should also integrate precision medicine approaches, recognizing role of inflammation to enhance burn care by mitigating the impact of the hypermetabolic state and providing optimal nutrition. The focus on high-carbohydrate diets, protein supplementation, and careful attention to micronutrient replacement aligns with the goal of meeting heightened caloric needs while minimizing overfeeding.