Meckel's Diverticulum: A Literature Review of Basic Concepts, Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Abstract

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is a common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an outpouching in the terminal ileum. It can be symptomatic in various ways, most commonly causing ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Complications such as bleeding, perforation, diverticulitis, or intestinal obstruction may develop in approximately 4% of patients. Diagnosis can be challenging, but a CT scan is often the tool of choice, particularly for identifying complications. Surgical procedures like laparoscopy or laparotomy provide a more accurate diagnosis. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the diverticulum, with laparoscopy being a safe and effective method. Risk factors for acute complications in adults include age under 50, male sex, MD length over 2 centimeters, and intradiverticular tissue abnormalities.