Abstract
Recently, deep eutectic solvent (DES) or ionic liquid (IL) analogues have been considered as the newest green solvent, demonstrating the potential to replace harsh volatile organic solvents. DESs are mainly a combination of two compounds: hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD), which have the ability to interact through extensive hydrogen bonds. A thorough understanding of their physicochemical properties is essential, given their successful applications on an industrial scale. The appropriate blend of HBA to HBD can easily fine-tune DES properties for desired applications. In this context, we have reviewed the basic information related to DESs, the two most studied physicochemical properties (density and viscosity), and their performance as a solvent in (i) drug delivery and (ii) extraction of biomolecules. A broader approach of various factors affecting their performance has been considered, giving a detailed picture of the current status of DESs in research and development.
Highlights
Solvents have been utilized for a number of applications, ranging from drug delivery/discovery to extraction of biologically important compounds
Research and development are ongoing of sustainable biocompatible neoteric candidates that can be synthesized with ease and have required/desired physicochemical properties besides satisfying the green chemistry principle
deep eutectic solvent (DES), Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Solvents (THEDES), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are recent examples of biocompatible solvent systems [183], and they can be prepared using biocompatible starting materials described as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD)
Summary
Solvents have been utilized for a number of applications, ranging from drug delivery/discovery to extraction of biologically important compounds. The melting points of DESs were found to decrease to very low levels, around 12 ◦C, which is lower than the melting point of the two mixing compounds According to this definition, many DESs have been prepared and applied as a solvent in organic reactions, extraction of dyes, protein, nucleic acids, metals, azeotropic separation, and more [18,19,20,21]. The SciFinder analysis dated 31st December 2021 displayed 7226 publications for the term “Deep Eutectic Solvents” It is Molecules 2022, 27, 1368 have been prepared and applied as a solvent in organic reactions, extraction of dyes, protein, nucleic acids, metals, azeotropic separation, and more [18,19,20,21].
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