Revision rotator cuff repair: can a Sugaya III tendon considered to be healed or not

Abstract

Sugaya etal described a classification system to assess postoperative rotator cuff tendon healing. Although Sugaya I and II tendons can be considered as healed and Sugaya type IV and V can be considered as retorn, the exact status of Sugaya III tendons remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Sugaya III tendons on postoperative functional scores in a population of patients undergoing revision rotator cuff repair. We retrospectively studied the records of all patients who underwent revision rotator cuff repair in one of 12 different institutions between July 2001 and December 2020. A total of 203 shoulders were included (59% males, mean age: 51±8 years old, mean follow-up 11.5 years [range: 2-28.8 yr]). Fifty-four patients (61% males, mean age 52±6 years old, mean follow-up 14.1 years [range: 10.4-28.8 yr]) had a follow-up≥10 years (mean 14.1 years [range: 10.4-28.8 yr]) and were included in a long-term follow-up subgroup analysis. Structural integrity of the repaired tendon was evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging at last follow-up. Functional scores, acromiohumeral index (AHI), and progression of fatty infiltration and of osteoarthritis were compared according to Sugaya type. Mean Constant score and mean strength were significantly higher in Sugaya I and II tendons than in Sugaya III (P=.021 and .003) and Sugaya IV and V tendons (P=.07 and .038), but did not differ between Sugaya III and Sugaya IV and V tendons. Mean Subjective Shoulder Value, pain, AHI were significantly higher and fatty infiltration and progression in the Hamada classification were significantly lower in Sugaya I and II tendons and in Sugaya III than in Sugaya IV and V tendons (P< .05), but did not differ between Sugaya I and II and Sugaya III tendons. Similar characteristics could also be observed in the long-term follow-up subgroup. Sugaya III tendons after revision rotator cuff repair do not allow restoration of strength thereby impacting the Constant score. However, there seems to be a protective effect of Sugaya III tendons with regard to pain, progression of proximal migration of the humeral head, osteoarthritis, and fatty infiltration, which seems to last at long-term follow-up.