REVIEWING SOCIAL POLITICS OF RUSSIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF REGULATION OF LABOR RELATIONS IN THE XIII-XVIII CENTURIES

Abstract

The issue of legislative regulation of labor relations in Russia of the XIII-XVIII centuries is considered. The analysis of the Russian law monuments (Russkaya Pravda, Pskov Judgment Letter of 1497, Sudebnik Ivan III of 1497, Sudebnik Ivan IV of 1550, the Cathedral Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of 1649, imperial and senate decrees of the XVIII century, legal acts of Peter I for the study of the social policy of the Russian state in the XIII-XVIII centuries. The regulatory documents of the selected period are analyzed from the point of view of the relationship between the provisions of these documents that defined labor relations and the general trends in the development of the country in order to describe the general course of development of labor legislation during this period and demonstrate its connection with the development of serfdom, the needs of the state, as well as to show the limitations of regulation that caused social unrest in the future. The place and role of legislative acts in the general system of socio-political life of the country is determined. Their significance and influence on the social policy of the state are studied. The vector of development of the state through the prism of regulation of labor relations is highlighted. Among the analyzed normative legal acts, a case was highlighted when the law first stood up for the protection of an employee, but it was difficult to develop these positive trends in the conditions of the emerging policy of enslavement of peasants. The state did not try to comprehensively regulate the issues of labor relations, thereby provoking social discontent and unrest. The analysis of sources demonstrates the insufficiency of representation of the interests of the employee in the labor legislation, with the exception of a range of jobs that are especially important for the state.