Abstract
Soybean, which is rich in protein and oil as well as phytochemicals, is cultivated in several climatic zones. However, its growth is markedly decreased by flooding stress, which is caused by climate change. Proteomic techniques were used for understanding the flood-response and -tolerant mechanisms in soybean. Subcellular proteomics has potential to elucidate localized cellular responses and investigate communications among subcellular components during plant growth and under stress stimuli. Furthermore, post-translational modifications play important roles in stress response and tolerance to flooding stress. Although many flood-response mechanisms have been reported, flood-tolerant mechanisms have not been fully clarified for soybean because of limitations in germplasm with flooding tolerance. This review provides an update on current biochemical and molecular networks involved in soybean tolerance against flooding stress, as well as recent developments in the area of functional genomics in terms of developing flood-tolerant soybeans. This work will expedite marker-assisted genetic enhancement studies in crops for developing high-yielding stress-tolerant lines or varieties under abiotic stress.
Highlights
Climate change, which occurs naturally in addition to human activities, is a major global concern [1]
A considerable volume of proteomic studies of flooding response focuses on soybean, while works on other crops such as rice [76,77,78], maize [79,80,81,82], wheat [83,84,85,86], rapeseed [87], barley [88], and alfalfa [89] are collected in Table 1, which assists in addressing the commonality of flooding response in crops
Subcellular proteomics, post-translational modifications (PTMs), as well as post-flooding responses are rarely considered in other crops, and proteomic studies in soybean could be used to unveil molecular mechanisms underlying the core metabolism in different crops towards flooding stress
Summary
Climate change, which occurs naturally in addition to human activities, is a major global concern [1]. Due to the scarcity of available oxygen in waterlogged soil, flooding stress leads to partitioning of oxidative systems in plants, resulting in the accumulation of ethylene and carbon dioxide [5], which impairs and damages root extension. These findings indicate that plant growth is severely affected by flooding due to the limited oxygen levels. The gene related to such submergence tolerance is SUBMERGENCE1, which encodes a variable cluster of ethylene-responsive factor genes [10,11] In such submergence-tolerant rice, elongation of stems and leaves was inhibited by suppression of the increase in ethylene concentration, which decreases plant sensitivity to gibberellins. Interactions of the molecular mapping of omics data are proposed
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