Abstract
Soybean production is greatly influenced by abiotic stresses imposed by environmental factors such as drought, water submergence, salt, and heavy metals. A thorough understanding of plant response to abiotic stress at the molecular level is a prerequisite for its effective management. The molecular mechanism of stress tolerance is complex and requires information at the omic level to understand it effectively. In this regard, enormous progress has been made in the omics field in the areas of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The emerging field of ionomics is also being employed for investigating abiotic stress tolerance in soybean. Omic approaches generate a huge amount of data, and adequate advancements in computational tools have been achieved for effective analysis. However, the integration of omic-scale information to address complex genetics and physiological questions is still a challenge. In this review, we have described advances in omic tools in the view of conventional and modern approaches being used to dissect abiotic stress tolerance in soybean. Emphasis was given to approaches such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS). Comparative genomics and candidate gene approaches are also discussed considering identification of potential genomic loci, genes, and biochemical pathways involved in stress tolerance mechanism in soybean. This review also provides a comprehensive catalog of available online omic resources for soybean and its effective utilization. We have also addressed the significance of phenomics in the integrated approaches and recognized high-throughput multi-dimensional phenotyping as a major limiting factor for the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in soybean.
Highlights
Soybean is the most important legume crop which provides sources of oil and protein for human as well as for livestock
The whole genome sequence (WGS) provided the basis for the development of QTL MAPPING FOR ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN SOYBEAN Genetic fingerprinting, linkage mapping, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping are marker based applications that have become more sophisticated with the availability of different genotyping platforms (Table 1)
GENERAL CONCLUSION Different omics tools have been employed to understand how soybean plants respond to abiotic stress conditions
Summary
Soybean is the most important legume crop which provides sources of oil and protein for human as well as for livestock. Integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge is required to design future soybean varieties with ideal plant types providing high and stable yield in adverse climatic conditions In this context, a detailed review was made to evaluate progress achieved in different omic approaches and to highlight future perspectives for its effective exploration toward the development of abiotic stress tolerant soybean cultivars. OMICS APPROACHES IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL ERA Plant molecular biology aims to study cellular processes, their genetic control, and interactions with environmental changes Such a multi-dimensional and detailed investigation requires large-scale experiments involving entire genetic, structural, or functional components. The WGS provided the basis for the development of QTL MAPPING FOR ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN SOYBEAN Genetic fingerprinting, linkage mapping, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping are marker based applications that have become more sophisticated with the availability of different genotyping platforms (Table 1). GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (GWAS) IN SOYBEAN QTL mapping using bi-parental populations has limitations because of restricted allelic diversity and genomic resolution
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