Abstract
This paper reviews and summarizes the development, key technologies, and application of brake-by-wire (BBW) actuators. BBW is the technology orientation of future vehicle brake system. The main feature of BBW is to replace some of the mechanical and hydraulic components of traditional brake system with electronic control components, and use cables and wires to transmit energy and signals. BBW actuators have outstanding advantages, such as fast response, accurate control, and compact structure. They are easy to integrate with active safety functions and they are easily matched with the regenerative braking systems of electric vehicle. First, this paper summarizes the classification, characteristics, performance, and architecture of BBW actuators. Subsequently, the braking process regulation of vehicle is considered to be the main target, which is summarized from two aspects of actuator regulation and braking force distribution. The state estimation algorithm and control algorithm applied to these actuators are summarized and analyzed, and the development trend, challenges, and schemes of the braking force distribution are proposed. The development and research trend of braking force match strategies between the regenerative brake system and BBW system are also analyzed and summarized. The further electrification and intelligence of vehicle demand BBW’s braking force control method and distribution method must have higher control accuracy, stronger robustness, and wider adaptability, and the effects on braking comfort and handling stability must be further discussed.
Highlights
The hydraulic brake system is mature and reliable, and it has been widely used in various vehicles.The anti-lock brake system (ABS) is considered as a landmark invention of braking systems
The structure of hydraulic hydraulic brake system isincreasingly becoming complex, increasingly and theismaintenance is more becoming brake system is becoming andcomplex, the maintenance becoming and more more and more difficult. New energy vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV),vehicles hybrid difficult [4,5]. New energy vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric electricand vehicles (HEV), andvehicles fuel cell electricare vehicles (FCEV), are developing rapidly and are (HEV), fuel cell electric (FCEV), developing rapidly and are highly concerned byhighly major concerned by major automotive manufacturers
For electro-mechanical brake (EMB), Lindvai-Soos considered its friction as an uncertainty factor and designed a sliding mode controller (SMC) that was based on T-sum tuning rules, which compensates for frictional disturbances [62]
Summary
The hydraulic brake system is mature and reliable, and it has been widely used in various vehicles. New energy vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV),vehicles hybrid difficult [4,5]. New energy vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric electricand vehicles (HEV), andvehicles fuel cell electricare vehicles (FCEV), are developing rapidly and are (HEV), fuel cell electric (FCEV), developing rapidly and are highly concerned byhighly major concerned by major automotive manufacturers. Most electric vehicles still use hydraulic automotive manufacturers. Most electric vehicles still use hydraulic brake system. The electric energy needs to beThe converted thenneeds transmitted multiple times transmitted multiple times in this process, so the energy utilization efficiency is not high, and in this process, so the energy utilization efficiency is not high, and there is the potential danger of brake thereleakage.
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