Abstract
China is an large agricultural country, which grain output has been among the highest in the world. In recent years, agricultural waste caused by high grain yield has attracted more and more attention. As one of the main agricultural waste, the total straw amount of China has reached 870 million tons by year of 2019, and the straw utilization amount has reached 730 million tons, which indicates enormous strains on the environment. In China, straw burning is strictly forbidden by local governments, so it is mostly utilized by returning the field, making manure, fodder, fuel, base stock or raw material. The five utilization ways separately make up 61.3%, 5.3%, 14.9%, 10.3%, 0.8%, 1.0% of the total share. To promote better utilization of straw, this paper made a comprehensive review of the main utilization technologies in China by the method of literature research. According to the research, the utilization technologies of straw mainly include corn straw deep tillage technology, cotton straw deep-turning technology, wheat straw mulching-corn straw rotating tillage technology, less no-tillage straw mulching technology, rice-wheat (or rape) straw crushing returning rotary tillage technology, straw rapid maturing, straw-forage-fertilizer planting and raising combination technology, straw-biogas-fertilizer energy ecological technology, straw-bacteria-fertilizer substrate utilization technology, straw-carbon-fertilizer returning and soil improvement technology. All these utilization have promoted the rapid development of the comprehensive utilization of straw in China, and enlightened further development of straw utilization.
Highlights
China is a large agricultural country with a wide variety, huge quantities and wide distribution of crop straw
Seasonal, structural surplus were continuously emerging, and open burning persisted despite repeated prohibition, which brought severe challenges to straw resource utilization
Rice, wheat, cotton, rapeseed, peanut, soybean, potato, sweet potato and other crops respectively account for 46.2%, 21.4%, 15.5%, 3.5%, 2.1%, 2.1%, 2.4%, 1.5% and 3.4% of the total output
Summary
China is a large agricultural country with a wide variety, huge quantities and wide distribution of crop straw. With agricultural production and farmers' lifestyle transformation, rural labor transfer, energy consumption structure improvement and application of all kinds of alternative materials, straw utilization ways have change dramatically [1,2]. Seasonal, structural surplus were continuously emerging, and open burning persisted despite repeated prohibition, which brought severe challenges to straw resource utilization. The distribution of straw resources and the main technical modes of straw utilization in China are analyzed comprehensively, and the corresponding development countermeasures are put forward in order to provide theoretical support for the burning prohibition and comprehensive utilization of straw in China
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