Review on the behavior of various parameters on heat distribution in the SAW process

Abstract

The submerged arc welding (SAW) process comprises a formation of an electric arc between the wire and a weld joint surface. The electric arc and weld joint completely covered by the flux. The composition of flux varies with the type of workpiece material. The heat distribution on the welded joint area, significantly affected by the various welding parameters such as penetration, bead width, heat affected zone, etc. This article covers the summarized report of research conducted in the last two decades in the field of fusion welding and more emphasis on the SAW process. The various weld parameters that are penetration, reinforcement of weld bead, percentage dilution, bead width, heat affected zone significantly affect the quality of the weld and joint strength. The article highlights the variation in these variables and is optimized to control the quality of weld in terms of penetration, percentage dilution, reinforcement of weld bead, etc. There are various software to simulate the joint characteristic under variation in different weld variables also discussed. The SAW process is mostly used in the field of pipelines, offshore structures, pressure vessels, LPG cylinders. The most significant cause of SAW popularity is its higher metal deposition rate and flowless weld seam. It is observed that by increasing the arc length, because of the expansion of the arc cone, penetration increases. Similarly, significant variations are observed by changing the welding feed rate, welding current, electrode polarity and other factors.