Abstract
A group of neurodegenerative diseases that differ in their morphology, biochemistry, and clinical presentation are Tauopathies. They are distinguished by aberrant tau protein accumulation in the brain. Currently, there is no conclusive method for preventing or curing tauopathies, but new scientific advancements have transformed this gloomy picture. Evidence from genetic research, experimental animal models, and molecular and cell biology has offered insight into the illnesses' underlying causes. Advances in radiology and biochemistry, notably in PET imaging, may offer critical biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Tau, in addition to its role as a microtubule-associated tau protein, is involved in gene regulation, signal transduction, and metabolism. Experimental models allow for the development of novel diagnostic and treatment methods. Tauopathies are a set of disorders that can present with a wide range of clinical signs. It is still difficult to distinguish this disease from other protein-pathologies. In the last year, there has been a lot of interest in cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and radiotracers. Although the accuracy of diagnosis in non-disease Alzheimer's tauopathies remains debatable, PET tau tracers may be utilised to identify disease process. Although primary tauopathies are uncommon and diverse conditions, their combined incidence, as well as the importance of tau malfunction in Alzheimer's disease and secondary tauopathies, make tauopathy research a top priority since it might assist many people.
Highlights
The build-up of insoluble protein in neuromuscular system cells distinguishes the majority of neurodegenerative diseases
Tauopathies are a kind of neurodegenerative illness that is distinguished by the presence of micro-tubule binding protein tau inclusions in neurons and/or glia
The accumulation of pathologically unfolded proteins tau is an element shared by a class of neurodegenerative disorders called as tauopathies, the most common being Alzheimer's disease (AD)
Summary
The build-up of insoluble protein in neuromuscular system cells distinguishes the majority of neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulation of pathologically unfolded proteins tau is an element shared by a class of neurodegenerative disorders called as tauopathies, the most common being Alzheimer's disease (AD). Protein wrong folding and aggregation in the brain is a quality shared by a number of neurodegenerative diseases, includes those characterised on aberrant tau build-up. Because of their overlapping clinical manifestations, many tauopathies are challenging to diagnose clinically, especially early in the symptomatic phase. The development of tau-specific ligands for use with Positron emission tomography (PET) as allowed researchers to study tau deposition in the initial phases of various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Cortico-basal Degeneration, and related conditions such as Down's syndrome , Parkinson's disease, and Dementia with Lewy bodies [3]. This review examines the utmost predominant tauopathies and the molecular and pathological characteristics that support the system of classification
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