REVIEW ON NONDESTRUCTIVE METHODS OF DETECTING COMPACTED SOILS AND EFFECTS OF COMPACTED SOIL ON CROP PRODUCTION

Abstract

Soil compaction poses a significant challenge to modern agriculture, negatively impacting soil productivity and crop yields. This article reviews current research on non-destructive techniques for identifying soil compaction and evaluates their effectiveness in understanding its impact on agricultural output. Sustainable practices are explored, focusing on non-destructive methods like soil penetrometry, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), remote sensing, and geophysical approaches. The study emphasizes the advantages of non-destructive technologies over traditional invasive methods, allowing immediate assessment without compromising soil integrity. Case studies demonstrate the practical application of these techniques in diverse agricultural environments, showcasing their ability to detect and manage soil compaction. The literature review underscores the importance of promptly and accurately identifying soil compaction to implement effective management measures. Results and interpretations from relevant research highlight the effects of compaction on root development, water permeation, nutrient accessibility, and overall agricultural productivity. Real-world case studies and tables visually depict non-destructive techniques, measurement parameters, and the correlation between soil attributes and crop productivity. The discussion delves into the limitations of non-destructive procedures, emphasizing the need for calibration against conventional methods for precision. The article stresses the significance of non-destructive practices in promoting sustainable agriculture. Proposed actions include further studies to refine and establish these techniques, comparative analyses across different soil types and crops, and the development of user-friendly software for incorporating non-destructive data into agricultural practices. The integration of non-invasive methods into routine soil monitoring is seen as a key strategy to enhance the resilience and productivity of agricultural systems, fostering environmentally friendly farming methods.