Abstract
The future evolution of autonomous mobility and road transportation will require substantial improvements in tyre adherence optimization. As new technologies being deployed in tyre manufacturing reduce total vehicle energy consumption, the contribution of tyre friction for safety and performance enhancement continues to increase. For this reason, the tyre’s grip is starting to drive the focus of many tyre developments nowadays. This is because the tread compound attitude to maximize the interaction forces with the ground is the result of a mix of effects, involving polymer viscoelastic characteristics, road roughness profiles and the conditions under which each tyre works during its lifespan. In such a context, mainly concerning the automotive market, the testing, analysis and objectivation of the friction arising at the tread interface is performed by means of specific test benches called friction testers. This paper reviews the state of the art in such devices’ development and use, with a global overview of the measurement methodologies and with a classification based on the working and specimen motion principle. Most tyre friction testers allow one to manage the relative sliding speed and the contact pressure between the specimen and the counter-surface, while just some of them are able to let the user vary the testing temperature. Few devices can really take into account the road real roughness, carrying out outdoor measurements, useful because they involve actual contact phenomena, but very complex to control outside the laboratory environment.
Highlights
Tribology is the science and technology concerning the interaction of solid surfaces in relative motion
Moldenhauer’s study is limited to the description from the constructive point of view, while this review aims to analyse the experimental outputs obtained, with the aid of published research references
The main test surface through theare application of calibrated weights on the upper side of the sample holder; in technical specifications summarized in the technical specifications are are summarized summarized in in the the Table this way it is possible to vary the contact pressure between tread sample and rough surface
Summary
Tribology is the science and technology concerning the interaction of solid surfaces in relative motion. To overcome the measurement and testing difficulties, a large amount of testing devices has been worth highlighting that there is no limitation on the type of rubber that can be used for the friction developed in the last centuries These devices, variously called tribometers, tribotesters or friction and wear tests to be carried out with such kinds of devices, but the most commonly exploited testing testers (FTs), are widely used to study the friction phenomena of completely different materials, with a conditions simulate the typical working contact conditions in the field of tyres, which are not particular interest towards viscoelastic ones due to their advantageous characteristics, intrinsically necessarily reflected in other fields or standards. Other Types, which includes the devices that are not attributable to the other two categories
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