Review on bioremediation and phytoremediation techniques of heavy metals in contaminated soil from dump site

Abstract

In current scenario the main problem of soil pollution is due to open disposal of municipal solid waste. Leachate generated in the dump yard will contaminate the soil by toxicity of heavy metals (Arsenic, Chromium, Lead, Cadmium, and mercury) which will pollute air, water and soil. This review article summarizes the various remediation techniques which enhances the efficiency of removal of contaminant in the environment. The most effective and promising methods to remediate the contaminated soil is by bioremediation and Phytoremediation. Bioremediation is the process/method which detoxify the heavy metals with the help of microorganism in environment. Phytoremediation process which helps to absorb the Heavy metals in the soil by using plants and trees to remediate the soil. Both of these techniques are cost effective and suitable for removing the heavy metals in the contaminated soil. This review aims to shows the factors which have affect or reduce the efficiency of remediation; microbes which are to be used for the process and enhancement for this technique have been discussed. Similarly, suggested plants used for phytoremediation extend the tolerance limit and reduce the metal accumulation in the soil. Heavy metal absorbed plants to be treated by incineration or utilization of some by-product for future eco-friendly uses.