Review on Bacteria Affecting Pisciculture Leading to AMR Strains, Alternatively Herbals Used to Combat These Bacteria Strains

Abstract

Pisciculture contributes a big part in global food basket. Fishes are reliable source of nutrients & proteins which are cheap comparatively. Production in pisciculture gets significantly affected (around 60%) by infectious diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and parasites. Bacteria possess the ability to survive even without the host, which makes them a greater threat in pisciculture environment. More than twenty different bacterial infections are recognized which are caused by various species of bacteria in pisciculture. Method of drug administration differs for diverse types of drugs being used according to their route of administration, stability, effective dosage, etc. which makes them costlier than antibiotics. Use of antibiotics is prohibited as bacterial species gets resistant to the drugs and more & more drug resistant bacteria are emerging. These bacteria end up in our food chain and sometimes lead to transfer of drug resistant genes. The residual antibiotics can even lead to other health problems like hypersensitivity reactions, Carcinogenicity,etc. Herbal extracts or phytobiotics are in focus as antibiotic alternatives as they are environment friendly and there are extremely less chances of drug resistance possible. This review discusses about the need of alternative for the current treatments against drug resistant bacteria which is eventually leading to AMR diseases.