Review on Anthraquinones Isolated from Rubiaceae Family

Abstract

A current economic trend is to highlight natural resources and many plant species are rich sources of anthraquinones. Anthraquinones are a diverse group of natural compounds extensively studied in various articles. Commonly used for dyes with 30% of it contributed to textile industry. Anthraquinone plays an important chromophore in cancer chemotherapy. They are widely distributed in Rubiaceae family and exhibit various biological activities. Malaysian Rubiaceae, especially plants from Morinda, Rennellia, Psychotria, and Prismatomeris genera, have been known to be rich in anthraquinone content, especially in the roots. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive update on the isolation of anthraquinones from Rubiaceae family in Malaysia. It also discussed the taxonomy, chemistry, and pharmacology studies of the genus. Through the years, 45 anthraquinones have been reported from various species of Rubiaceae demonstrating promising pharmacological activities. The information presented in this review can provide a scientific foundation for future research on the possible therapeutic applications of the species. Enhancing the links between plant biological effects and traditional uses with their chemical characterization.