Abstract
In this paper, the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter is discussed, from its first description in 1947 to the present state. Emphasis is given to intrageneric phylogeny and chemotaxonomic characteristics, concentrating on quinone systems, peptidoglycan compositions and polar lipid profiles. Internal groups within the genus Arthrobacter indicated from homogeneous chemotaxonomic traits and corresponding to phylogenetic grouping and/or high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities are highlighted. Furthermore, polar lipid profiles and quinone systems of selected species are shown, filling some gaps concerning these chemotaxonomic traits. Based on phylogenetic groupings, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and homogeneity in peptidoglycan types, quinone systems and polar lipid profiles, a description of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato and an emended description of Arthrobacter roseus are provided. Furthermore, reclassifications of selected species of the genus Arthrobacter into novel genera are proposed, namely Glutamicibacter gen. nov. (nine species), Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov. (six species), Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov. (two species), Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. (six species) and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov. (ten species).
Highlights
In this paper, the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter is discussed, from its first description in 1947 to the present state
A third clade is formed by Arthrobacter phenanthrenivorans, A. oxydans and A. polychromogenes, which are members of the ‘Arthrobacter oxydans group’
Very similar polar lipid profiles were reported for the type strain of A. aurescens, a close relative of A. ilicis, and the more distantly related species A. polychromogenes (Collins et al, 1982b)
Summary
2012), Arthrobacter cupressi (Zhang et al, 2012), Arthrobacter siccitolerans (SantaCruz-Calvo et al, 2013) and Arthrobacter gyeryongensis (Hoang et al, 2014). In this tree, only the branching of a few major lines is supported by high bootstrap values or by the same branching order in the maximum-parsimony and neighbour-joining algorithms. Only the branching of a few major lines is supported by high bootstrap values or by the same branching order in the maximum-parsimony and neighbour-joining algorithms One of these sublines is designated the ‘Arthrobacter protophormiae group’, comprising the species Arthrobacter creatinolyticus, Arthrobacter soli, A. protophormiae, A. uratoxydans, A. nicotianae, Arthrobacter arilaitensis, A. mysorens, Arthrobacter bergerei and Arthrobacter ardleyensis. Auritidibacter ignavus IMMIB L-1656T (FN554542) Yaniella halotolerans YIM 70085T (AY228479)
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