Abstract
Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and chemical additives (CA) are incorporated to modify the properties of concrete. In this paper, SCMs such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume (SF), rice husk ash (RHA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), and tire-derived fuel ash (TDFA) admixed concretes are reviewed. FA (25–30%), GGBS (50–55%), RHA (15–20%), and SBA (15%) are safely used to replace Portland cement. FA requires activation, while GGBS has undergone in situ activation, with other alkalis present in it. The reactive silica in RHA and SBA readily reacts with free Ca(OH)2 in cement matrix, which produces the secondary C-S-H gel and gives strength to the concrete. SF addition involves both physical contribution and chemical action in concrete. TDFA contains 25–30% SiO2 and 30–35% CaO, and is considered a suitable secondary pozzolanic material. In this review, special emphasis is given to the various chemical additives and their role in protecting rebar from corrosion. Specialized concrete for novel applications, namely self-curing, self-healing, superhydrophobic, electromagnetic (EM) wave shielding and self-temperature adjusting concretes, are also discussed.
Highlights
Introduction iationsCement has been the predominant material in the construction industry and is one of the mostly used materials in the world, next to water [1]
The main focus of this review is to demonstrate the effects of supplementary cementitious materials and chemical additives on the physical, mechanical and durability properties of hydraulic concrete
Rice Husk Ash Admixed Concrete (RHA)-blended concrete improved the strength, porosity, and corrosion resistance of concrete as well as resistance to sulphate attack [92,102]. All these results prove beyond doubt that RHA is an effective SCM; at an optimal replacement level up to 30% of Portland cement, RHA improves strength and reduces sulphate reactions, chloride diffusion, and the corrosion rate of embedded steel rebar
Summary
Granulated blast furnace slag is the granular material when molten ironGround blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled by immersion in water. The chemical composition of GGBS is given in Table It is used in the form of granules with crystal formation, and its properties in-to cementitious nature, fineness andlimited ability to undergo a similar hydration process. The use of slag cement usually improves workability and decreases f0t = Compressive strength of reference mortar at “t” age in MPa. It has been reported that the use of slag increases the paste volume caused Grade 80 has a low activity index and generates less heat than Portland cement. It has been reported that the compressive strength of slag 100 has a moderate activity index, which is similar in cementitious behavior to Portland concrete depends primarily upon the type, fineness, activity index and proportion of slag cement.
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