Review of the applicability of the DASH diet for patients with chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease

Abstract

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and the DASH diet effectively lowers blood pressure. However, individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) need adaptations in potassium and sodium/water intake to adhere to the DASH diet. This literature review examines the applicability of the DASH diet for patients with CKD and CLD by analyzing findings from a comprehensive search of relevant academic databases. The review explores various sources, including clinical studies, research articles, and expert recommendations, to assess the effectiveness and suitability of the DASH diet in managing the dietary needs of individuals with CKD and CLD. The review reveals that the DASH diet, with its emphasis on reduced sodium intake and increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, shows promising results in managing blood pressure and improving overall cardiovascular health in individuals with early stage CKD and CLD. Furthermore, the review concludes that individuals with advanced CKD and CLD should exercise caution when considering the DASH diet, as modifications are necessary to accommodate their specific conditions. For patients with advanced CKD, careful management of potassium intake is essential to prevent hyperkalemia; while individuals with late-stage CLD should monitor both sodium and water intake to avoid dilutional hyponatremia. Additionally, the review also emphasized the importance of individualized dietary modifications and consultations with healthcare professionals for optimizing the benefits of the DASH diet, especially for those patients with later stages of CKD and CLD.