Abstract
Sorption thermochemical storage systems can store thermal energy for the long-term with minimum amount of losses. Their flexibility in working with sustainable energy sources further increases their importance vis-à-vis high levels of pollution from carbon-based energy forms. These storage systems can be utilized for cooling and heating purposes or shifting the peak load. This review provides a basic understanding of the technologies and critical factors involved in the performance of thermal energy storage (TES) systems. It is divided into four sections, namely materials for different sorption storage systems, recent advances in the absorption cycle, system configuration, and some prototypes and systems developed for sorption heat storage systems. Energy storage materials play a vital role in the system design, owing to their thermal and chemical properties. Materials for sorption storage systems are discussed in detail, with a new class of absorption materials, namely ionic liquids. It can be a potential candidate for thermal energy storage due to its substantial thermophysical properties which have not been utilized much. Recent developments in the absorption cycle and integration of the same within the storage systems are summarized. In addition, open and closed systems are discussed in the context of recent reactor designs and their critical issues. Finally, the last section summarizes some prototypes developed for sorption heat storage systems.
Highlights
The substantial rise in global temperature over the last few decades owing to increased energy consumption is alarming and has negative global ramifications
This review provides a clear path for future research in this field and highlights some key issues that degrade the system performance
The ionic liquids utilized for absorption thermal energy storage outperforms in some aspects compared to the conventional absorption materials
Summary
The substantial rise in global temperature over the last few decades owing to increased energy consumption is alarming and has negative global ramifications. The main variations involve the amount of energy stored and the selection of storage methods utilized Another aspect related to the thermal storage system is the temperature output. Phase change materials (PCMs) have a high energy density and they can increase the energy storage capacity of the system; they have a low thermal conductivity. The sorption heat storage mechanism offers both low- and medium-temperature outputs; it allows researchers to create efficient systems [32]. The main issues include over-hydration and deliquescence, low energy output in prototypes, low thermal conductivity, and reduced material performance after multiple cycles. For this reason, a new class of sorbents known as composite materials was introduced [38]. Recent research on various storage materials for different sorption mechanisms and technologies is introduced and reviewed
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