Abstract
This paper reviews existing studies relating to the assessment of sediment concentration profiles within various flow conditions due to their importance in representing pollutant propagation. The effects of sediment particle size, flow depth, and velocity were considered, as well as the eddy viscosity and Rouse number influence on the drag of the particle. It is also widely considered that there is a minimum threshold velocity required to increase sediment concentration within a flow above the washload. The bursting effect has also been investigated within this review, in which it presents the mechanism for sediment to be entrained within the flow at low average velocities. A review of the existing state-of-the-art literature has shown there are many variables to consider, i.e., particle density, flow velocity, and turbulence, when assessing the suspended sediment characteristics within flow; this outcome further evidences the complexity of suspended sediment transport modelling.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralSediment suspension describes the solid particles that have been lifted into the water column from the channel bed
The importance of this factor is not fully understood; it is known that hydrodynamic lift is the result of the concentration variation and velocity differential across the sediment particle from the lower to upper suspension region (Figure 3 presents the pattern of velocity differential across a particle in non-laminar flow)
A wide range of research has been reviewed to provide a holistic understanding of sediment concentration profiles, suspension, and transport for practical use when modelling hydrodynamic flows
Summary
Sediment suspension describes the solid particles that have been lifted into the water column from the channel bed. It is beneficial to have a thorough understanding of sediment transport and two-phase flow to allow for its effective mathematical modelling, since it is a regular occurrence within large water bodies in the natural environment. This study looks to review a range of existing literature and compare proven evidence to provide a sound understanding of solid-fluid interactions within two-phase flow conditions. When there is sufficient lift force for sediment particles to overcome the friction between them, the turbulent upward flux will generate sediment suspension. It is accepted that the mean concentration decreases with height above the bed, as shown in Figure 1 and described by [1].
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