Abstract
This review summarises the main results on the production of single vector bosons in the Standard Model, both inclusively and in association with light and heavy flavour jets, at the Large Hadron Collider in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The general purpose detectors at this collider, ATLAS and CMS, each recorded an integrated luminosity of $\approx 40\,{\rm pb^{-1}}$ and $5\,{\rm fb^{-1}}$ in the years 2010 and 2011, respectively. The corresponding data offer the unique possibility to precisely study the properties of the production of heavy vector bosons in a new energy regime. The accurate understanding of the Standard Model is not only crucial for searches of unknown particles and phenomena but also to test predictions of perturbative Quantum-Chromo-Dynamics calculations and for precision measurements of observables in the electroweak sector. Results from a variety of measurements in which single W or Z bosons are identified are reviewed. Special emphasis in this review is given to interpretations of the experimental results in the context of state-of-the-art predictions.
Highlights
X values of the two interacting partons at leading order in the reaction pp → Z /γ ∗ for LHC and SPS and p p → Z /γ ∗ for Tevatron, respectively
This review article summarises the major results of the single W√ and Z production in the proton–proton collision data at s = 7 TeV recorded in the years 2010 and 2011 at the LHC by the two general purpose experiments, ATLAS and Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS)
As the lowest-order matrix-element term for W and Z production is a frequent example in many particle physics textbooks, we extend the formalism in Sect. 2.2 by discussing higher-order corrections from the QCD and Electroweak theories and emphasise why these are important to the experimental measurements
Summary
The electroweak Lagrangian of the Standard Model after electroweak symmetry breaking, i.e. after the Higgs boson has acquired a vacuum expectation value, can be written as [35]. The kinetic term, LK , describes the free movement all fermions and bosons. Where Jμem describes the electromagnetic current, i.e. the sum over all fermion fields weighted by their electromagnetic charges, and Jμ3 represents the weak current, involving only left-handed particles and right-handed anti-particles with their respective weak isospins. We will concentrate on the terms of the Electroweak Lagrangian represented in Eqs. 2 and 3, as they describe the single vector boson production within the Standard Model. Before discussing the experimental results, we first review the central parts of the theoretical predictions of the gauge boson production cross sections at the LHC. 2.1 the calculation of the cross section is defined, which is shown to consist of two main parts; the matrix-element term describing the parton interactions and the parton distribution functions describing the proton. Related overview articles on parton density functions at next-toleading order at hadron colliders and subsequently jet in electron–proton physics can be found in [39,40], respectively
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