Abstract
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) brings more power generation fluctuations into power systems, which puts forward higher requirement on the regulation capacities for maintaining the power balance between supply and demand. In addition to traditional generators for providing regulation capacities, the progressed information and communication technologies enable an alternative method by controlling flexible loads, especially thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) for regulation services. This paper investigates the modeling and control strategies of aggregated TCLs as the virtual energy storage system (VESS) for demand response. First, TCLs are modeled as VESSs and compared with the traditional energy storage system (ESS) to analyze their characteristic differences. Then, the control strategies of VESS are investigated in microgrid and main grid aspects, respectively. It shows that VESS control strategies can play important roles in frequency regulation and voltage regulation for power systems’ stability. Finally, future research directions of VESS are prospected, including the schedulable potential evaluation, modeling of TCLs, hierarchical control strategies of VESS considering ESSs and RESs and reliability and fast response in frequency control for VESS.
Highlights
The rapidly growing economy nowadays is consuming more fossil energies, causing a worldwide environmental pollution [1]
SOCtj is the state of charge of the j-th energy storage system (ESS) at time t, which represents the percentage of remaining electricity of the ESS
Reference [47] defines virtual state of charge (VSOC) to describe the SOC of the virtual energy storage system (VESS) based on temperature priority list (TPL)
Summary
The rapidly growing economy nowadays is consuming more fossil energies, causing a worldwide environmental pollution [1]. The progressed information and communication technologies nowadays have provided better infrastructure to provide regulation services for power systems by adjusting the power consumption of TCLs remotely or autonomously [9], named as demand response (DR) [10] It has been proved in many previous studies that DR plays a significant role in reducing power systems’ fluctuation risks caused by uncertainties of RESs’ output [11]. The electricity consumption model of aggregated ACs is proposed in [14] by Monte Carlo method based on the principle of heat balance. This model can help ACs provide reserve capacity for the power system.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
