Abstract
Energy systems play a significant role in harvesting energy from several sources and converting it to the energy forms needed for applications in numerous sectors, e.g., utility, industry, building, and transportation. In the coming years, energy storage will play a key role in an efficient and renewable energy future; more than it does in today’s fossil-based energy economy. There are different strategies for energy storage. Among these strategies, storage of mechanical energy via suitable media is broadly utilized by human beings. Mechanical energy storage systems (MESS) are among the utmost effective and sustainable energy storage systems. There are three main types of mechanical energy storage systems; pumped hydro, flywheel, and compressed air. This review discusses the recent progress in mechanical energy storage systems focusing on compressed air energy storage (CAES). It also discusses the advances and evolution in compressed air energy storage (CAES) technologies which improve the thermal process and incorporate CAES with other subsystems to improve system efficiency and compares these technologies in terms of their performance, capacity, response, and utilizations as well as the challenges facing CAES as emissions that may harm the environment, the consumption of fossil fuels or requiring certain geological formations then modifications and developments to overcome these challenges.
Highlights
Over years energy consumption has been growing significantly
Adiabatic-compressed air energy storage (CAES) was designed to remove the need for fuel in CAES technologies, this happens through storing the heat energy which generated during air compression, and utilize it to reheat the air during its expansion [30, 31]
The paper explained the types of energy storage systems with interest in mechanical energy storage
Summary
According to the published statistics by the International Energy Agency (IEA), about 13,371 Million Tons of Oil Equivalent (Mtoe) of energy is supplied worldwide in 2012. This is near 10% and 119% higher than the statistics in 2009 and 1973 values respectively. Especially solar and wind are facing a main challenge as they occur intermittently which creates unreliable steady energy supply. This can be attained by storing the excess energy produced when the renewable resources are available and re-use it again when the renewable resources are not available [1]
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