Abstract
EVs (Electric Vehicles) have been rejuvenated over the last decades while the motor drive technologies are still evolving. This paper provides a review of electrical motor drive technologies used in EV applications, with a performance comparison of candidate machines and their drive topologies. EV applications demand high efficiency, high torque density, high reliability, and wide speed range while reducing weight, complexity, total costs and environmental impact. In the literature, DC (Direct Current) motors, IMs (Induction Motors) and PM (Permanent Magnet) motors can be generally found in marketplace whilst RMs (Reluctance Motors) have been researched for some time and are nearing commercial availability. This paper evaluates the performance of these four main types of electrical motor drives for EV propulsion applications using analytical methods. PM motors may offer the best performance in terms of torque density and compactness but the cost is the highest (primarily dominated by rare-earth permanent magnets), limiting their widespread application in mass production EVs. DC motors have their own merits but suffer from limited power density and necessity for maintenance. Induction motor drives are a mature and proven technology. In particular, squirrel-cage IMs are robust, reliable and inexpensive, striking a balance between system cost and complexity, power density and extended speed range. Reluctance motors can provide a good torque density and cost effective EV drive solutions. Their drawbacks can also be overcome by the use of power electronic converters and advanced control strategies. Induction and reluctance motor drives are well suited for cost sensitive mass production EV applications. Looking to the future, increased hybridization may be a way forward in industry which combines attractive features of different electrical machines and control algorithms and still offer much promise in performance and total cost. At last, reliability study on EVs requires historical information and driving patterns, demanding research expertise in eco-sociology, human behaviors as well as human-machine interface.
Highlights
EVs (Electric Vehicles) have been rejuvenated over the last decades while the motor drive technologies are still evolving
Around 1900-1910, electric cars reached the height of their success primarily due to their odorless and quiet features [6], rechargeable batteries, and importantly, reliable DC motor drives
A commercial successful EVe must have an electrical motor drive coordinated with power train, battery and power electronics in an appropriate system configuration [53]
Summary
Tindustry to move toward EVs, which are considered to be highly efficient and reliable, include HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles), PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles), more MEVs and all AEVs, depending on the electrification level of and are becoming commercially competitive. In order to meet the increasing demand for EVs, substantial investment from governmental sectors, research institutions, industry and public have been directing into research and development, production and commercialization activities of EVs. EVs have a very broad range of specifications. Each application places different demands on the motor and many different technologies are appropriate. Passenger vehicles have been the major source of air pollution [1,2,3] and the focus of this paper
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
