Abstract
In this review, we conduct an exploratory study to assess Egypt Science and Technology System by the utilization of the Delphi survey combined with Electronic Town Meeting protocol following a preliminary evaluation of research and innovation performance at the national level. The application of this protocol was directed toward a realization of national science and technology SWOT analysis. Within this analytical framework, we examined different components of Egypt Science and Technology System in addition to competencies, bottlenecks and opportunities with the aim of providing a concrete assessment view and draw useful directions that could be rapidly utilized in different settings. We recommend using this combined protocol in the different strategic planning settings and actions.
Highlights
IntroductionThe differences in science and technology systems are prominent among developing countries and between developed and developing countries (O’Brien et al, 2013; Melas et al, 2017; Tvaronavičienė et al, 2017; Štiglic, 2017)
The differences in science and technology systems are prominent among developing countries and between developed and developing countries (O’Brien et al, 2013; Melas et al, 2017; Tvaronavičienė et al, 2017; Štiglic, 2017).The recent dynamics following the Arab spring in the North African region implied further developments in the national system of science and technology
Several computing analytical techniques were used to engage stakeholders in the strategic planning process and the use of electronic town meeting (ETM) protocol has evolved quickly since it was firstly introduced in late 1990s when it was used in the USA for engaging citizens and different stakeholders in the policy planning process (Becker, 2001)
Summary
The differences in science and technology systems are prominent among developing countries and between developed and developing countries (O’Brien et al, 2013; Melas et al, 2017; Tvaronavičienė et al, 2017; Štiglic, 2017). An increased focus in the measures to optimize the research and innovation performance at the national level became a central component of national strategies (Bermejo Ruiz & De Pablos-Heredero, 2013a; Ghinolfi et al, 2014). In this respect, assessing the current system and structures became a paramount and prerequisite for any development plan (Ghinolfi et al, 2014). The aim of this analysis is to analyze the national science and technology system in Egypt and visualize the research and innovation landscape from a wide strategic angle
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