Review of clinical practice guidelines for hypoparathyroidism

Abstract

Hypoparathyroidism is an endocrine disease characterized by reduced production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands or tissue resistance to its action. This is accompanied by disturbances in phosphorus-calcium metabolism.The main cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage or removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery on the neck organs. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism is the second most common form of the disease, which occurs, as a rule, within the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1.The development of chronic hypoparathyroidism of any etiology requires lifelong appointment of multicomponent therapy, as well as careful monitoring and an individual approach. In the absence of adequate dynamic monitoring, multiple complications develop from vital organs, in particular calcification of the urinary system, soft tissues and the brain; cardiovascular pathology; visual disturbances; muscle and bone diseases leading to decreased quality of life of patients.Thus, timely diagnosis, rationally selected drug therapy and competent patient management will reduce the risks of complications, improve the prognosis, and reduce the frequency of hospitalizations and disability of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism.The article presents the main recommendations of the new project of clinical guidelines for patients with hypoparathyroidism, approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021. They include the algorithms of diagnosis, treatment and dynamic monitoring of hypoparathyroidism, as well as management of postsurgical hypocalcemia and medical care of and the disease during pregnancy.