Abstract
Multiple sclerosis MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system the etiology of which remains so far unknown and which probably involves senetic, immune, inflammatory, as well as environmental factors. OBJECTIVES: A review of the current and past literature on multiple sclerosis to provide a concise and comprehensive educational resource mainly for postgraduate medical students, but also for undergrad unte medical colleges students as well as other medical practitioners and their patients. The aim being to present a simplified and clinically relevant summary of the main manifestations, and management of multiple sclerosis, with an update on current theories of pathophysiology, actiology and the basis behind the therapeutic agents used in current clinical practice. METHODS: The standard medical texts and journals relating to MS were consulted as well as reliance on the own experience of patients attending the teaching hospitals, and clinics in Benghazi Libya with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Local and worldwide epidemiological published data were also reviewed. RESULTS: The incidence of multiple sclerosis varies worldwide. Eastern Libye is an area of high risk MS incidence. The importance is emerging of a genetic role in the already known immune pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Diet and light have regained importance in the etiology of the disease. Investigations are advancing and help to differentiate the disease from other mimicking conditions. Biomarkers help to define diagnosis and determine prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple sclerosis is an important neurological disease with protean CNS manifestations which must be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms at all ages, although commonly considered a disease of young people, especially females. A countrywide database may help to collate efforts and resources, as well as unify data regarding the number and presentation of patients, to assess their requirements.
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