REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN DIRECTIONS ON IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY TRANSPORTATION OF MASS CARGO BY RAIL TRANSPORT

Abstract

The research found that mass cargo transportation in Ukraine plays a key role in the functioning of the economy, driving the development of many industries and ensuring the country's competitiveness in the global market.Based on the analysis of freight transportation volumes over the recent period, the main trends and factors affecting them were identified. In particular, the growth in rail freight transportation is largely due to the expansion of the sea corridor through the Danube ports. This has made it possible to export Ukrainian products to Europe and other regions of the world, which has stimulated growth in demand for rail transportation. Due to the expansion of the maritime corridor and the change in the geopolitical situation, the share of export cargo transported by rail has increased significantly. These are primarily grain, oilseeds, metallurgical products and chemicals.Induced analyzes scientific research related to the issues of improving the efficiency of mass cargo transportation by rail. Such important problems as the problem of timely provision of loading resources, delays in transportation, inefficient use of empty vehicles, loss of cargo during transportation, etc. are considered. Ways to solve these problems, which are considered in the works of scientists, include infrastructure modernization, introduction of new technologies and optimization of logistics processes.The question was raised the issue of the efficiency of using container and containerized transportation technology. Their advantages, such as reduction of time and costs for transportation, environmental friendliness, are shown, and their disadvantages are considered.The mathematical model of the movement of a container train is analyzed and the feasibility of creating dry port-type structures for optimizing the transportation of mass cargo is investigated.These researches point to the need for a systematic approach to improving the efficiency of mass freight transportation by rail, taking into account various aspects, including technological, infrastructural, logistical and organizational aspects. Such an approach will allow achieving a higher level of efficiency and competitiveness of rail transport in the transportation of mass cargo.Proposed measures for improve the efficiency of mass cargo transportation by rail: optimization of routes, increasing energy efficiency and carrying capacity of railcars, modernization of infrastructure, use of the latest technologies, optimization of loading and unloading, and improvement of safety and quality of service.