Abstract
The behaviour of five reverse osmosis plants for brackish water (C f = 3.000 mg/l as NaCl) desalination has been evaluated through a long term test ( ∼ 10.000 hours of effective running in different operating conditions). Each plant was made up of a number of modular units for the production of 10 ÷ 40 m 3/d of desalted water. Spiral wound cellulose acetate membranes (U.O.P. formerly Gulf General Atomic), tubular cellulose acetate membranes (Envirogenics), tubular modified cellulose acetate membranes (Westinghouse), and polyamidic hollow fibers (Du Pont) were used. Optimal operating conditions for each plant were determined on the basis of production and rejection data obtained at different operating conditions. Production and rejection variations in relation to time and the influence of different washing systems to remove deposits formed on the surface of the membranes were studied.
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