Reverence as a Cardinal Ethical Value in the Western Philosophy

Abstract

This article explains reverence as a cardinal ethical value in Western philosophy, which was considered an underpinning value in ancient society and gradually declined over time. Many contemporary Western philosophers embark on respect rather than reverence. Reverence and respect are not the same. Reverence is all-inclusive, while respect is limited. Reverence values what is a genuine person, while respect may flatter a non-genuine person. Reverence is a cardinal moral and political value necessary for politics, education, law, economics, and religion. Reverence is not only essential for becoming a perfect human person but also for establishing a good society. To demonstrate reverence in Western philosophy, I select four significant Western intellectuals: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Bertrand Russell, Albert Schweitzer, and Paul Woodruff. Goethe posits a tripartite account of reverence: reverence for God, Earth, and human beings. Russell supports reverence in politics and education. Schweitzer not only developed his account of reverence but also lived his life according to it. Schweitzer holds that his life is his argument, which is reverence for life. Woodruff rediscovered the notion of reverence and applied it in politics and ethics. So, this article examines an account of reverence, posited by Goethe, Russell, Schweitzer, and Woodruff, and defends its role as a cardinal moral and political value indispensable for politics, education, and religion for acquiring the common good.