Abstract
In active sonar systems, detection always suffers from reverberation interference from multiple scatterers in oceanic environments; therefore, numerous studies have been conducted on reverberation suppression. Recently, a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based method was proposed and successfully applied to reverberation suppression. However, the conventional NMF-based method makes convergence challenging because the frequency basis matrix is initialized without considering reverberation characteristic information from oceanic environments. To solve these problems, We propose an improved NMF-based reverberation suppression method adopting a pre-trained reverberation basis matrix and modified sparse update rule. The proposed method is evaluated by analyzing simulation and sea experiment data and the study confirmed that the detection performance was improved compared to the conventional method under various signal-to-reverberation ratio conditions. Several topics are also discussed to analyze the proposed method in detail.
Highlights
A CTIVE sonar is an underwater surveillance system to detect, track, and localize targets
We propose an improved negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based reverberation suppression method with a pre-trained reverberation frequency basis matrix to solve the convergence problem of the conventional NMF-based method
Note that we focus on continuous wave (CW) reverberation suppression because it is easy to extend the NMF-based CW reverberation suppression method to the linear frequency modulated (LFM) reverberation case using the pre-processing method proposed by Kim et al [13]
Summary
A CTIVE sonar is an underwater surveillance system to detect, track, and localize targets. Choi et al [8] proposed an AR prewhitener using dechirping transformation as preprocessing This pre-processing makes the received LFM signal tonal spectrum a CW case. Lee et al [12] proposed a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based CW reverberation suppression method that simultaneously uses pulse time and frequency characteristics. The modified NMF-based reverberation suppression method adopted two pre-processing techniques, namely, dechirping transformation and modulo operation. We propose an improved NMF-based reverberation suppression method with a pre-trained reverberation frequency basis matrix to solve the convergence problem of the conventional NMF-based method.
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