Abstract
In this paper, an analytic range-independent reverberation model based on the first-order perturbation theory is extended to range-dependent waveguide. This model considers the effect of bottom composite roughness: small-scale bottom rough surface provides dominating energy for reverberation, whereas large-scale roughness has the effect of forward and back propagation. For slowly varying bottom and short signal pulse, analytic small-scale roughness backscattering theory is adapted in range-dependent waveguides. A parabolic equation is used to calculate Green functions in range-dependent waveguides, and the orthogonal property of local normal modes is employed to estimate the modal spectrum of PE field. Synthetic tests demonstrate that the proposed reverberation model works well, and it can also predict the reverberation of range-independent waveguide as a special case.
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