Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex pathological process. The initial mechanical damage is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade. The injury ruptures the local microvasculature and disturbs blood-spinal cord barriers, exacerbating inflammation and tissue damage. Although endogenous angiogenesis is triggered, the new vessels are insufficient and often fail to function normally. Numerous blood vessel interventions, such as proangiogenic factor administration, gene modulation, cell transplantation, biomaterial implantation, and physical stimulation, have been applied as SCI treatments. Here, we briefly describe alterations and effects of the vascular system on local microenvironments after SCI. Therapies targeted at revascularization for SCI are also summarized.
Highlights
Traumatic injury to the spinal cord activates several complex pathological events, resulting in physical disability, psychological devastation, and social burdens (Hutson and Di Giovanni, 2019)
Mechanism analysis shows that UTX decreases promoter methylation of miR-24, which targets genes involved in angiogenesis (Ni et al, 2019)
Transplantation of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BMSCs; Matsushita et al, 2015; Watanabe et al, 2015; Ropper et al, 2017), adipose tissue (ADSCs; Zhou et al, 2013), umbilical cord (Badner et al, 2016), or amnion (AMSCs; Zhou et al, 2016) have shown pleiotropic positive effects on the lesion microenvironment after spinal cord injury (SCI), including increased angiogenesis and restored blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) integrity
Summary
Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Vascular Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology. Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex pathological process. The initial mechanical damage is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade. The injury ruptures the local microvasculature and disturbs blood-spinal cord barriers, exacerbating inflammation and tissue damage. Numerous blood vessel interventions, such as proangiogenic factor administration, gene modulation, cell transplantation, biomaterial implantation, and physical stimulation, have been applied as SCI treatments. We briefly describe alterations and effects of the vascular system on local microenvironments after SCI. Therapies targeted at revascularization for SCI are summarized
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