Abstract
The construction industry is focused on sustainable alternative materials for conventional concrete to meet the current demand. Lightweight concrete is gaining popularity as it is a feasible option to fulfil structural, economic and environmental requirements. Even though the construction sector is rapidly adopting lightweight concrete in several applications, a combined critical review on the performance assessment of foamed and autoclaved lightweight concrete is highly limited. It is also essential to understand the performance of lightweight concrete with respect to different industrial and agricultural by-products. It helps the end-user to adopt any locally available waste materials in the production of lightweight concrete. Therefore, the present review focuses on properties of autoclaved and foamed lightweight concrete with a wide range of industrial and agricultural by-products as alternative cementitious materials and aggregates. The effect of cement and aggregate replacements on salient properties of lightweight concrete, including density, compressive strength, workability, thermal conductivity and durability are comprehensively reviewed. Reduction in the dead weight of structures due to less density, appreciable compressive strength, and low thermal conductivity are witnessed for lightweight concrete incorporating agricultural and industrial by-products. However, adverse effects on fresh and hardened properties were observed at higher replacement levels.
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