Abstract
In this article, a zirconia-based nano-catalyst (Nano-ZrO2), with intermolecular C-N bond formation for the synthesis of various benzimidazole-fused heterocycles in a concise method is reported. The robustness of this reaction is demonstrated by the synthesis of a series of benzimidazole drugs in a one-pot method. All synthesized materials were characterized using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and LC-MS spectroscopy as well as microanalysis data. Furthermore, the synthesis of nano-ZrO2 was processed using a standard hydrothermal technique in pure form. The crystal structure of nano-ZrO2 and phase purity were studied, and the crystallite size was calculated from XRD analysis using the Debye–Scherrer equation. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized benzimidazole drugs was evaluated in terms of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and antifungal activity, and the results were satisfactory.
Highlights
Heterocyclic compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, are extremely important because their presence in many synthetic organic compounds promotes biological activities [1]
We investigated the microbial activity of the titled moiety, and the compounds 3b, 3c, 3i, and 3j demonstrated the highest active potency against E. coli
This work demonstrated the design of nano-ZrO2 for the application of nano-catalysis and use for the synthesis of benzimidazole ring systems
Summary
Heterocyclic compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, are extremely important because their presence in many synthetic organic compounds promotes biological activities [1]. Given the predominance and relevance of heteroatoms in molecules of interest, C-N bond formation via direct formation of C-N bonds has attracted significant attention. In this context, numerous transition metal complexes, especially of Rh [5], Ir [6], Co [7], Ru [8], and Pd [9], have exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency towards C-N bond formation reactions [10]. Zirconia (ZrO2) is widely used as a ceramic material and has significant applications in catalysts as well [11,12]. Azole antifungal activity is different for each compound and clinical efficiency may not coincide with in vitro activity [16]
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