Abstract
Relevance. 35 years after the Chernobyl NPP accident, 1.974 settlements remain in the radioactively contaminated areas of the Russian Federation (above 37 kBq/m2 for 137Cs). 90.9 % of these settlements are located in four regions: Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula, Orel. In 137 settlements located in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region, the average annual exposure doses of residents exceed 1 mSv. This requires measures for their further recovery and return to normal life without radiation-related restrictions.Intention. Generalize data on changes in the radiation and socio-economic situation in radioactively contaminated territories as a result of the Chernobyl accident over the past five years and analyze the remaining problems of returning the population to normal living conditions and economic activities.Methodology. Results of monitoring of the Chernobyl accident affected territories performed by departmental scientific organizations of Emercom, the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor), the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Ministry of Agriculture, Federal Forestry Agency (Rosleskhoz) were retrospectively analyzed.Results and Discussion. In 98.5 % of settlements with average annual exposure doses above 1 mSv, the internal exposure prevails, mainly due to radionuclides from natural food. Weighted average 137Cs contamination density in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region decreases as follows: forests > agricultural lands > settlements. Deterioration of demographic indicators in the most radioactively contaminated districts was noted.Conclusion. The need is shown for an integrated approach to return radioactively contaminated territories back to normal via ensuring both the radiation safety of the population and improving the socio-economic conditions in the regions affected by the Chernobyl accident.
Highlights
Relevance. 35 years after the Chernobyl NPP accident, 1.974 settlements remain in the radioactively contaminated areas of the Russian Federation. 90.9 % of these settlements are located in four regions: Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula, Orel
In 137 settlements located in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region, the average annual exposure doses of residents exceed 1 mSv
Results of monitoring of the Chernobyl accident affected territories performed by departmental scientific organizations of Emercom, the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor), the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Ministry of Agriculture, Federal Forestry Agency (Rosleskhoz) were retrospectively analyzed
Summary
Авария на Чернобыльской АЭС (ЧАЭС) дополнительных дозовых нагрузок (внешне признана крупнейшей в истории мировой го и внутреннего облучения) на население, ядерной энергетики. No 197 «Об изменении перечня населенных пунктов, находящихся в границах зон радиоактивного загрязнения вследствие катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС»]. Среднегодовые дозы облучения населения юго-западных районов Брянской области от Чернобыль ской аварии (1,1 мЗв/год) в 5 раз выше, чем в среднем по Брянской области (0,2 мЗв/год), и более чем в 120 раз превышают среднюю дозу по России (0,009 мЗв/год), формирую щуюся от техногенного фона. В целом, по про шествии 35 лет после аварии на ЧАЭС дозы облучения населения даже в наиболее радио активно загрязненных юго-западных районах Брянской области значительно снизились и не представляют угрозу для здоровья на селения. Анализ дозовых нагрузок на население со СГЭД90 более 1 мЗв показывает, что прак тически во всех населенных пунктах (кроме НП Николаевка и Чиграй) в настоящее время вклад внутреннего облучения в суммарную дозу является доминирующим и превышает вклад внешнего в среднем в 1,83 раза при ва риабельности 1,1–2,6 раза Радиологическая характеристика юго-западных районов Брянской области, подвергшихся загрязнению от аварии на ЧАЭС (по данным на 2017–2020 гг.) [3, 6, 11, 13, 14]
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