Return of the Taliban: rude awakening for Pakistan?

Abstract

The article examines the complex dynamics between Pakistan and Afghanistan in the aftermath of the Taliban’s* takeover in August 2021. Initially hopeful of stability and economic opportunities, Pakistan soon faced challenges as the Taliban governance clashed with international norms, particularly regarding human and women’s rights. The historical backdrop of mistrust, border disputes, and Pakistan’s concept of strategic depth in Afghanistan further complicated the relationship. The rise of the “Tehrik e Taliban Pakistan” (TTP) added another layer of tension, with Pakistan demanding action from the Afghan Taliban against the militant outfit operating from the Afghan soil. Despite promises from the Afghan Taliban, progress remains limited, leading to increased frustration from Pakistan and other neighbors such as China. The article concludes by advocating for nuanced approaches and external mediation to address longstanding issues and promote stability in the region. *The Taliban movement is an organization recognized as terrorist and banned on the territory of the Russian Federation by decision of the Supreme Court, dated February 14, 2003 no. GKPI 03 116, which came into force on March 4, 2003.