Abstract
Purpose: We report our experience with the retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach for treating pediatric patients and when the percutaneous needle approach is not possible due to uncontrolled hypertension, bleeding disorders, anti-clotting medications and anatomical abnormalities.Materials and Methods: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal biopsy was performed in 20 patients 2 to 18 years old (mean age 9.7) during a 16-month period. At the same time 53 percutaneous needle biopsies and 1 open biopsy were performed. The child is in a flank position, and 2 trocars are used via a direct vision approach. The first trocar is 12 mm. in diameter and positioned on the posterior axillary line, and the second trocar is 5 mm. in diameter and is entered 4 cm. anteriorly. Gentle dissection is done to free the lower pole of the selected kidney, biopsy forceps are used to grasp the specimen under direct vision and the biopsy site is fulgurated using bipolar electrocautery.Results: Biopsy was performed successfully in all cas...
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