Retroperitoneal Angioleiomyoma: An Extremely Rare Case Report

Abstract

Angioleiomyoma (ALM) is a benign mesenchymal tumor arising from the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall. Common sites include subcutaneous tissues of the lower extremities but can also be seen in unusual sites including the head-and-neck region, submandibular gland, uterus, ovary, and broad ligament. It is exceptionally rare in retroperitoneum. Local recurrence is extremely rare but known to occur. Imaging features are nonspecific. Differential diagnosis on the basis of radiological features is difficult. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathology examination. Angiomyolipoma and myopericytoma are considered close differentials on microscopy at retroperitoneal locations. Histopathological examination along with immunohistochemistry markers such as desmin and HMB-45 are required for definitive diagnosis. It is difficult to diagnose angioleiomoma preoperatively, considering its location, thereby we are tempted to present an extremely rare case of retroperitoneal ALM highlighting its diagnostic dilemma.