RETRACTED: The influence of battery distance on a hybrid air-cooled cylindrical lithium-ion battery phase change material thermal management system for storing solar energy

Abstract

The cooling of a lithium-ion battery pack made up of three cylindrical batteries in a channel is studied using the finite element technique in this research. The phase change material (PCM) is surrounded by a laminar flow of air. The solid PCM fraction values and the average temperature of each battery and battery pack at various periods were studied by varying the distance between the batteries from 7 to 10 mm and adjusting the speed from 0.1 to 0.3 cm/s. When compared to other batteries surrounding this battery, the left battery had the lowest temperature and the maximum quantity of solid PCM was generated at various periods, according to the findings of this article. At 0.1 cm/s, the distance 7 mm is the greatest and the distance 8 mm is the lowest in the left battery, the distance 10 mm is the largest in the center battery, the distance 8 mm is the lowest in the right battery, and the distance 8 mm generates the least amount of solid PCM in the battery pack. The second and third batteries, as well as the battery pack, have the lowest average temperature across various distances of the batteries due to a distance of 10 mm between them. Increasing the speed from 0.1 to 0.3 cm/s causes the temperature to decrease in a time-dependent manner. • A battery pack with three batteries was placed within a channel • The finite element method (FEM) was used to perform numerical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. • Changing the speed from 0.1 to 0.3 cm/s increases the temperature decreasing trend with increasing time. • The minimum temperature of the battery pack occurred at a battery spacing of 10 cm. • A battery spacing of 10 cm minimized the temperature on the right-side battery.