RETRACTED: Optimal management of microgrid, considering various renewable and storage units of electrical-thermal generations and demand response program

Abstract

This paper presents a model for the optimal operation of Micro-Grids (MGs) based on multi-agent systems. The studied MG including Micro-Turbine (MT) with Fuel Cell (FC) as the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) unit, Rubbish Incinerator (RI), Wind Turbine (WT), boiler, reformer, anaerobic digestion, as well as the electrical, thermal, and hydrogen storage units to supply both electrical and thermal loads. Also, the input fuels of MT and FC are natural gas and hydrogen, respectively. The wet waste has been used to supply hydrogen requirements for FC operation by anaerobic digestion and reformer. Also, municipal solid waste, which is separated from wet waste, is used in the RI unit to produce electrical energy. Hence, the MG also has power exchange with the upstream network. The proposed model schedules not only the output day-ahead electric power of units but also the exchanged power with the upstream network, to reduce the operation cost. For better evaluation of the problem, the uncertainties of WT, loads, and electricity price are considered and modeled by using probability distribution functions and Monte Carlo simulation. According to electrical load including vital and responsive loads, the Demand Response (DR) program has been considered in the MG operation. The simulation results show that the proposed model for the optimal operation of MG could minimize the operating cost by about 30%, under different conditions.