RETRACTED: Developing a control program to reduce the energy consumption of nine cylindrical lithium-ion battery pack connected to a solar system by changing the distance between the batteries and the inlet and outlet of the air stream

Abstract

In this paper, a pack of 9 lithium-ion cylindrical batteries is numerically evaluated. This battery is charged by a solar panel. An enclosure is considered for the batteries to cool them using airflow. The two-dimensional analysis is performed for its critical conditions. For this purpose, the effect of the distance between the batteries in the range of 0.05 to 0.1 m, the inlet and outlet locations on the cooling pack is investigated. The finite element method is employed for the simulations. The study items would include the airflow contours between batteries, temperature, and pressure contours. The results demonstrate that the lowest temperature occurs at a distance of 0.05 when the flow inlet is at the top or bottom of the lithium-ion cylindrical batteries enclosure when the inlet is in the middle of enclosure at a distance of 0.075 from the batteries. In most cases, this temperature occurs at a distance of 0.1 from the batteries. The changes in the Nusselt number are different from the temperature. The maximum Nusselt number occurs when the inlet is in the middle and the outlet is at the bottom of enclosure.