Abstract
Increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) gives rise to the challenges in the secure operation of power systems. The EV charging loads should be distributed among charging stations in a fair and incentive-compatible manner while ensuring that power transmission and transformation facilities are not overloaded. This paper first proposes a charging right (or charging power ration) trading mechanism and model based on blockchain. Considering all kinds of random factors of charging station loads, we use Monte Carlo modeling to determine the charging demand of charging stations in the future. Based on the charging demand of charging stations, a charging station needs to submit the charging demand for a future period. The blockchain first distributes initial charging right in a just manner and ensures the security of facilities. Given that the charging urgency and elasticity differences vary by charging stations, all charging stations then proceed with double auction and peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction of charging right. Bids and offers are cleared via double auctions if bids are higher than offers. The remaining bids and offers are cleared via the P2P market. Then, this paper designs the charging right allocation and trading platform and smart contract based on the Ethernet blockchain to ensure the safety of the distribution network (DN) and the transparency and efficiency of charging right trading. Simulation results based on the Ethereum private blockchain show the fairness and efficiency of the proposed mechanism and the effectiveness of the method and the mechanism.
Highlights
The depletion of fossil fuels has made it necessary to develop alternative modes of transportation with electric vehicles (EVs) being the most preferred option [1]
For the orderly charging control (OCC) of EVs, this paper focuses on the allocation and trading of charging right
The multilateral trading mechanism of charging rights based on the blockchain can meet the charging demand and the capacity limitation of the transformer
Summary
The depletion of fossil fuels has made it necessary to develop alternative modes of transportation with EVs being the most preferred option [1]. The charging station with a large number of charging piles is taken as a unit, and the model of charging station load is established by the Monte Carlo method On this basis, the concept of charging right is introduced. This research proposes a mechanism and model for optimizing the allocation of charging right among charging stations. In order to avoid the overload of power transmission and transformation equipment, a multilateral transaction of charging right technology is constructed, which realizes the distribution, de-trust transaction of charging stations, and maximizes the benefit. Blockchain technology can realize the semi-decentralized power trading of EVs and charging stations, ensuring that power transactions do not have a single point of failure, and can protect user privacy and achieve reliable payment of charging costs. The simulation results verify the validity of the mechanism and the blockchain trading platform
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