RETRACTED ARTICLE: Synthesis and characterization of magnetite/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Abstract

During the last few decade, magnetite/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have attracted much attention for its potential applications in the field of medicine and controlled drug delivery. In the present work, we have intended and synthesized, magnetite/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles by wet-chemical precipitation route. The thermal decomposition of the prepared sample was carried out by Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG/DSC) analysis upto 1000 °C, it showed that the sample was stable up to 919.2 °C. The phase formation, functional groups, morphology and magnetic property of as-prepared and annealed samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), micro Raman, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). By adopting Scherer method detailed structural analysis like the crystallite size, strain, dislocation density, lattice parameter, unit cell volume, surface area and fraction of crystallinity were calculated for as-prepared and annealed HAP samples. The average crystallite size of the as-prepared, annealed at 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C are 39, 46, 51 and 65 nm, respectively. The dislocation density, strain and surface area were decreased. FT-IR and Raman spectra showed both as-prepared and annealed samples possessed the characteristic bands of HAP. FE-SEM and TEM images depicted and confirmed the morphological characteristics of HAP. The VSM analysis confirmed that both as-prepared and annealed samples of HAP are in diamagnetic nature. The dielectric constant of as-prepared and annealed samples decreased with increase in annealing temperature whereas the conductivity increases with increase in frequency. The antibacterial property of apatite samples depending on the types of bacterial strains and also activity changed with the crystallite size.