Retinal Anatomy, Mechanisms of Retinal Adhesion, Retinal Tears, and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Retinal Detachment

Abstract

Retinal detachment (RD) is the separation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the neurosensorial layer of the retina. To ensure visual function, these two subunits must be in close contact with each other, but there is no mechanical bond between them. In the formation of this connection, mainly the adhesive forces due to RPE metabolism, interfotoreseptic matrix, and some pressure gradients are involved. Against these factors, the retina is also exposed to opposing forces. The most common cause of retinal tear is the posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Retinal injuries are divided into subgroups as atrophic holes, retinal tears, and retinal dialysis. Lattice degeneration, degenerative retinoschisis, and peripheral cystoid degeneration are predisposing to the development of RD.