Abstract
The upstream cis-elements controlling the retina-specific expression of carp rhodopsin gene were fully characterized in vivo. Transgenic studies demonstrated that both carp neural retina leucine zipper response-like element (cNRE, within nucleotides (nt) −63 to −75) and carp-specific element (CSE, nt −46 to −52) were crucial to reporter gene expression in medaka retinae. The retina-specific expression rates of embryos injected with nt −1 to −641 and longer fragments were much higher than those of embryos injected with nt −1 to −138 and shorter fragments, indicating that an enhancer is located in the nt −138 to −641 region. Retinal extracts and the probe BAT-1 (nt −90 to −120) formed two DNA–protein complexes, B1 and B2. Retinal extracts and the probes cNRE and CSE formed the complexes N1 and C1, respectively. The protein factors in B1 and C1 were mammal-like cone-rod homeobox proteins.
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