Abstract
The Hamiltonian formalism of quantum field theory and the variational methods in a reformulated model have been used to investigate the influence of retardation effects or virtual annihilation interactions in relativistic three-body wave equations for scalar two particles and one antiparticle interacting via a massive or massless mediating scalar field. The results show that the inclusion of virtual annihilation interactions or retardation effects can have noticeable consequence on the three-body binding energy at strong coupling.
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